The controlling factors and distribution prediction of H2S formation in marine carbonate gas reservoir, China

Generally, there are some anhydrites in carbonate reservoir, as H2S is also familiar in carbonate oil and gas reservoirs. Nowadays, natural gas with high H2S concentration is usually considered as TSR origin, so there is close relationship between H2S and anhydrite. On the contrary, some carbonate rocks with anhydrite do not contain H2S. Recently, researches show that H2S is only a necessary condition of H2S formation. The reservoir porosity, sulfate ion content within formation water, reservoir temperature, oil/gas and water interface, hydrocarbon and some elements of reservoir rock have great controlling effects on the TSR occurrence. TSR deoxidizes hydrocarbon into the acidic gas such as H2S and CO2, and the H2S formation is controlled by TSR occurrence, so the relationship among reaction room, the contact chance of sulfate ion and hydrocarbon, the reservoir temperature has great influence on the TSR reaction. H2S has relatively active chemical quality, so it is still controlled by the content of heavy metal ion. Good conditions of TSR reaction and H2S preservation are the prerequisite of H2S distribu- tion prediction. This paper builds a predictive model based on the characteristic of natural gas reservoir with high H2S-bearing. In the porosity reservoir with anhydrite, the formation water is rich in sulfate and poor in heavy metal ion. Oil and gas fill and accumulate in the gas reservoir with good preservation conditions, and they suffered high temperature later, which indicates the profitable area of natural gas with high H2S-bearing.     

纳米CaCO3/丙烯酸树脂浆液的流变性

制备了纳米CaCO3/丙烯酸树脂浆液,当浆液(48 gZ-26、50g纳米CaCO3和83.3 g二甲苯)中分散剂添加量为3 g时,Casson屈服应力τc值最小,浆液的稳定性最好,与工艺条件优化时所得到的一致.纳米CaCO3/丙烯酸树脂浆液的流变性研究表明:该体系的流动特性符合Casson模型,其屈服应力τC较小,稳定性较好;浆液的黏度随剪切速率增加而显著下降,具有明显的剪切稀化特性,且随着纳米CaCO3含量增加,其剪切稀化趋势增强;在所考察的低剪切速率范围内,纳米CaCO3浆液具有明显的触变性,且纳米CaCO3含量越大触变性越大.图10,表7,参8.     

聚乙二醇对碳酸钙结晶的影响

在聚乙二醇（ＰＥＯ）存在下,ＣａＣｌ２和Ｎａ２ＣＯ３反应得多晶形碳酸钙沉淀,Ｘ－衍射显示主要为文石型结构,并随着ＰＥＯ／Ｃａ摩尔比的增大,晶体颗粒变小。结果表明,聚合物对碳酸钙晶核的形成和晶体的生长有很大影响。本文还对其形成机理进行了初步探讨。     

间歇搅拌釜中甲醇与二氧化碳合成碳酸二甲酯

二氧化碳与甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯是一条对化学工业和环境保护都具有吸收力的工艺路线。本文在间歇式反应器中筛选出镁粉作催化剂,测试了各种反应条件的影响,得出了适合的反应条件。     

用强碱性阴离子交换树脂从碳酸盐溶液中回收铀的研究 2.U(Ⅵ)在溶液相与树脂相的化学状态

在过量碳酸盐存在的Ｕ（Ⅵ）溶液中,Ｕ（Ⅵ）的化学状态与溶液的ｐＨ值有关,当ｐＨ＞８时,Ｕ（Ⅵ）以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３］４－离子存在．吸附于树脂相的Ｕ（Ⅵ）的化学状态也与供吸附的料液的ｐＨ值有关,当ｐＨ＞９时,Ｕ（Ⅵ）才完全以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３］４－吸附于树脂相．当ｐＨ在６．５～８．０范围时,Ｕ（Ⅵ）在溶液中还可能以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）２］２－或Ｈｎ［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）３］ｎ－４形式存在,而Ｕ（Ⅵ）以［ＵＯ２（ＣＯ３）２］２－形式吸附于树脂相的可能性很小,它主要以Ｕ２Ｏ２－７的形式吸附于树脂相．     

BF3催化碳酸二甲酯合成N-环己基氨基甲酸甲酯

对碳酸二甲酯与环己胺化合生成N-环己基氨基甲酸甲酯的反应进行了研究.考察了催化剂BF3的催化活性和相关反应条件.控制反应的较佳参数为：催化剂用量为n（环己胺）：n（BF3）=20：1;反应回流时间为20 h;反应温度控制在70℃;反应物配比n（DMC）：n（环己胺）=1.5：1.最高产率为49.05%,且反应后处理简单,对环境污染少.产品纯度高,达99.94%.     

柴达木盆地西部第三系碳酸盐岩层的古生物特征

柴达木盆地西部第三系的碳酸盐岩层中发现有藻类、介形虫、有孔虫、腹足类、多毛类等化石.除藻类外各种生物的数量都比较少.生物具有个体小,壳体构造简单,多样性低等特点.所有生物都属于广盐性生物.根据该区古生物特征分析和与其它地区的对比,认为当时该区生物生长于内陆半咸化湖至咸化湖环境,而不是海相或海陆过渡相环境.参11.     

超重力场中微细晶须碳酸钙结晶过程及产品稳定性研究

在旋转填充床转子高速旋转产生的超重力场中，以MgCl12或H3PO4为晶形控制剂合成微细晶须碳酸钙，通过反应过程中pH值的变化以及针状晶种存在与否两种情形下晶体形貌的演变对结晶过程进行了研究，同时对产品粒子的稳定性进行了初步探讨．结果表明，无晶种存在时，微细晶须碳酸钙晶形的形成需要经历不规则外形-类纺锤形-晶须状-微细晶须状4个阶段；有晶种存在时，产品粒子倾向于在其表面或周围成核，最终所有粒子短轴与长径比趋向均匀；微细晶须碳酸钙粒子在陈化及干燥情形下表现出良好的稳定性．     

聚乙烯胺在CaCO3加填造纸中的作用效果

探讨了在弱碱性条件下聚乙烯胺(PVAm)对CaCO3加填的芦苇浆和废纸浆的助留助滤效果．实验结果表明：PVAm在两种浆中都有非常显著的助滤．助留效果，且在芦苇浆中的助滤效果大于废纸浆．PVAm在芦苇浆中对纤维的助留效果不如废纸浆，但对CaCO3的助留效果高于废纸浆．     

Isotopic evolution of the terminal Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian carbon cycle on the northern Yangtze Platform, South China

Profound geotectonic, climatic and biological changes occur during the terminal Neoproterozoic and its transition into the early Cambrian. These are reflected in temporal variations of the chemical and isotopic composition of seawater. We are studying a sequence of sedimentary rocks at the Shatan section, northern Yangtze Platform, Sichuan Province of China. This succession comprises, in ascending stratigraphic order, predominantly calcareous sediments of the Sinian upper Dengying Formation and black shales of the lower Cambrian Guojiaba Formation (time equivalent of Niutitang Fm.). Paleoenvironmental setting represents shallow-water shelf deposits. The objective of our study is to provide temporal records for the isotopic compositions of organic and carbonate carbon throughout this time interval. Organic carbon isotope values display a range between -35.8‰ and -30.1‰ with clear stratigraphic variations. Carbonate carbon isotope data vary between -3.5‰ and +0.5‰. These secular variations are interpreted to reflect perturbations of the global carbon cycle, specifically changes in the fractional burial of organic carbon. However, local conditions have further affected the isotopic signals.